Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41053343›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Digital twin models for predicting venetoclax and azacitidine-induced neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Yue Zhang, Jonathan Martinez, Bahar Tercan, Heikki Kuusanmäki, Frank Emmert-Streib, Jerome G Chandraseelan, Amer Farea, Olli Yli-Harja, Caroline A Heckman, David L Gibbs and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Mechanistic learning to predict and understand minimal residual disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Mapping the future of medicine through digital twins.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yue ZhangInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jonathan MartinezInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Bahar TercanInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Heikki KuusanmäkiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Frank Emmert-StreibTampere University, Faculty of Information Technology and Information Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
Jerome G ChandraseelanTampere University, Faculty of Information Technology and Information Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
Amer FareaTampere University, Faculty of Information Technology and Information Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
Olli Yli-HarjaInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Caroline A HeckmanInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
David L GibbsInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Vesteinn ThorssonInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ilya ShmulevichInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mika KontroInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Guangrong QinInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA. Guangrong.Qin@isbscience.org.
Boris AguilarInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA. Boris.Aguilar@isbscience.org.

Funding

Prototype System for AML Digital TwinsR01CA270210 · NCI · INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY · PI VESTEINN THORSSON · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA270210NIH HHS R01CA270210Research Council of Finland 352265
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic toxicity, which can be life-threatening, presents a major challenge in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Medical digital twins, which are virtual representations of patient disease, have the potential to forecast disease progression and simulate potential treatments. Using neutrophil counts and blast percentages, we developed mechanistic models to predict toxicity (neutropenia) in AML patients receiving combination venetoclax and azacitidine treatment. We identified a best-fitting model, though patient-specific accuracy was highly variable. To address this variability, we investigated subsets of patients based on their accordance with model assumptions, and were able to identify features predictive of model fit. In addition, we found that continuous updating over time improves model accuracy. The model evaluated in this study could be further validated in a larger clinical setting and may support a digital twin for decision making in forecasting therapeutic toxicity of venetoclax and azacitidine treatment.

Identifiers

PMID41053343
PMCPMC12500890

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.