ArticleScientific reports2025
The impact of interferon-γ pathway on trained immunity induction by vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- T cell-associated immunity induced by heterologous recombinant BCG and purified protein vaccination confers cross-variant protection against SARS-CoV-2.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Autoimmunity: Friend, Foe, or Therapeutic Target?Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Innate Immunity Trained in the Protective Response of Vaccine Candidates Against Intracellular Pathogens.Vaccines · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has multiple heterologous off-target effects which extend beyond tuberculosis (TB) prophylaxis, which include protection against other non-tuberculous infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumor development. These heterologous effects are at least partially mediated by induction of trained immunity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of IFNγ production capacity on induction of trained immunity in human volunteers vaccinated with BCG. We evaluated inflammation and immune activation-specific cytokine responses (IFNγ, TNF, IL-1, and IL-6) in PBMCs isolated from 323 healthy volunteers vaccinated with BCG and stimulated with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Staphylococcus aureus. We further assessed the impact of genetic variants in genes crucial for the biological activity of IFNγ pathway on trained immunity using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. We found a significant correlation between baseline IFNγ production capacity and induction of trained immunity, as assessed by the fold-change increase in IL-6 production at both day 14 and day 90 post-vaccination compared to production before vaccination. A similar correlation was found between basal IFNγ production and increased IL-1β production at day 14 after BCG. This suggests that individuals with higher IFNγ production capacity exhibit stronger trained immunity responses post-BCG vaccination. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that SNPs in genes involved in the IFNγ biological pathway significantly influence trained immunity responses in humans. IFNγ production capacity and genetic variations in the IFNγ pathway genes impact the magnitude of trained immunity response, providing insights into the regulation of innate memory responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.