Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41053233›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2026

The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours.

Jasia Mahdi, Vrunda Trivedi, Michelle Monje

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. FeBioactive materials · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jasia MahdiDivision of Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Vrunda TrivediDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-4761
Michelle MonjeDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. mmonje@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-237X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The nervous and immune systems are intricately linked to one another through bi-directional crosstalk. Given the limited therapeutic options for aggressive and refractory central nervous system (CNS) tumours, immunotherapies are increasingly being explored as potential treatments for these malignancies. In this Review, we provide an overview of the nervous system-immune system connections that provide the basis for the use of immunotherapy to treat CNS tumours. We then summarize the outcomes from preclinical and clinical studies that have used immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, for the treatment of primary CNS cancers such as high-grade gliomas, refractory embryonal brain tumours and primary CNS lymphomas. Finally, we review the neurological symptoms and syndromes that can arise with these immunotherapeutic approaches.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System NeoplasmsImmunotherapyAnimalsCancer VaccinesHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapy, AdoptiveOncolytic VirotherapyCancer VaccinesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.