ArticleNature communications2025
Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV.
Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05168813 (Multi-Center, Randomized, Efficacy Study of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Regions With SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multi-Center, Randomized, Efficacy Study of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Regions With SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relative efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of bivalent versus monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccines: a randomized trial.Research square · 2026Article
- Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
109 authors.
Nonhlanhla N Mkhize *National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-1243
Bo Zhang *Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-1124
Caroline Brackett *Departments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Peter James ElyanuBaylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
Asa TapleyVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sufia DadabhaiJohns Hopkins Research Project, Blantyre, Malawi.
Jiani HuVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Bich T N DoDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Daniel J SchusterDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-7269
Jack HeptinstallDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Sheetal SawantDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Kelly SeatonDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-3270
Marcella Sarzotti-KelsoeDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Aaron HudsonVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Yutong JinVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sinethemba BhebheNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Haajira KaldineNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Prudence KgagudiNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Tandile ModiseNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nyaradzo M MgodiClinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-5259
Jessica AndriesenVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
April K RandhawaVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-3734
Leigh H FisherVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jia Jin KeeVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Craig A MagaretVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-2664
James PengDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Avi KennyDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Lindsay N CarppVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-5925
Zhe ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7737-8915
Siyu HengDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-3667
Manuel VillaranVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Azwidihwi TakalaniHutchinson Center Research Institute of South Africa, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.
Bert Le RouxHutchinson Center Research Institute of South Africa, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.
Eduan WilkinsonKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation & Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-9441
Jackline OdhiamboVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Parth ShahPublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-6219
Laura PolakowskiNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Margaret YacovoneNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6983-8560
Taraz SamandariCOVID-19 Prevention Network, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-6108
Zvavahera ChirenjeClinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Joseph MakhemaBotswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana.
Ethel KamutiCentre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Katanekwa NjekwaCentre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Harriet Nuwagaba-BiribonwohaICAP at Columbia University, Eswatini Prevention Center, Mbabane, Eswatini.
Allan BagumaBaylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
Sharlaa Badal-FaesenClinical HIV Research Unit / Helen Joseph Clinical Research Site, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-5732
William BrumskineThe Aurum Institute, Rustenburg Clinical Research Site, Rustenburg, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-9919
Soritha CoetzerSynexus Helderberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
Rodney DawsonUniversity of Cape Town Lung Institute Clinical Research Site, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sinead Delany-MoretlweWits RHI University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Andreas Henri DiaconTASK, Cape Town, South Africa.
Samantha FryFAMCRU Family Clinical Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
Katherine GillDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-9506
Anda MadikidaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Zaheer Ahmed Ebrahim HoosainJosha Research Clinical Research Site, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Mina C HosseinipourMalawi Clinical Research Site, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Mubiana InambaoCFHRZ - Ndola Clinical Research Site, Ndola, Zambia.
Craig InnesThe Aurum Institute, Klerksdorp Clinical Research Site, Klerksdorp, South Africa.
Steve InnesDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-8680
Dishiki KalonjiSouth African Medical Research Council, Isipingo Clinical Research Site, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Humphrey MwapeUNC Global Projects / Kamwala District Health Centre, Lusaka, Zambia.
Priya KassimSoweto - Kliptown Clinical Research Site, Soweto, South Africa.
Melvin C KamangaJohns Hopkins Research Project-Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
William KilembeCFHRZ Clinical Research Site, Lusaka, Zambia.
Fatima LaherPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Mookho MalahlehaSynergy Biomed Research Institute, East London, South Africa.
Vongane Louisa MalulekeMERC Middelburg, Middelburg, South Africa.
Grace MboyaKisumu Clinical Research Site, Kisumu, Kenya.
Philister Adhiambo MadiegaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kirsten McHarryTASK Eden, Western Cape, South Africa.
Essack MithaNewtown Clinical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Yajna DukiAurum Tembisa Clinic 4, Gauteng, South Africa.
Pamela MdaNelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.
Moroesi MoeraneNelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.
Tumelo MoloantoaPHRU Matlosana Clinical Research Site, Klerksdorp, South Africa.
Simpson NuwamanyaJoint Clinical Research Centre, Lubowa, Uganda.
Sharana MahomedCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1449-160X
Vimla NaickerSouth African Medical Research Council, Tongaat Clinical Research Site, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Anusha NanaSoweto - Kliptown Clinical Research Site, Soweto, South Africa.
Annet NanvubyaUVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Ltd. Clinical Research Site, Entebbe, Uganda.
Barbarah KawoozoUVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Ltd. Clinical Research Site, Entebbe, Uganda.
Maphoshane NchabelengMeCRU Clinical Research Site, Pretoria, South Africa.
Walter OtienoKombewa Clinical Research Site, Kisumu, Kenya.
Elsje Louise PotgieterSynexus Stanza Clinical Research Centre Clinical Research Site, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-2549
Disebo PotloaneCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Zelda PuntPHOENIX Pharma (Pty) Ltd, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Jamil SaidMoi University Clinical Research Centre, Eldoret, Kenya.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-3401
Yashna SinghDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sheetal KassimDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Dorothie van der VendtDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Mohammed Siddique TayobMERC Kempton, Kempton, South Africa.
Yacoob VahedMERC Welkom, Welkom, South Africa.
Deo Ogema WabwireMU-JHU Research Collaboration Clinical Research Site, Kampala, Uganda.
James G KublinVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3741
Linda-Gail BekkerDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-4386
Lawrence CoreyVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2436
Glenda E GraySouth African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
Yunda HuangVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-6172
Philip KotzeQhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic, Ladysmith, South Africa.
Nigel GarrettDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4530-234X
John HuralVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Guido FerrariDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-3349
Erica Andersen-NissenVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-920X
David MontefioriDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-6319
Penny L MooreNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-4028
M Juliana McElrathVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-7117
Georgia D TomarasDepartments of Surgery and Integrative Immunobiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. gdt@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1931
Peter B GilbertVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA. pgilbert@fredhutch.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-9427
CoVPN 3008 Study Team
Funding
LOC: HIV Vaccine Trials NetworkUM1AI068614 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Dan H. Barouch, Lawrence Corey · 2011 to 2026
$1175.6MLOC: HIV Prevention Trials NetworkUM1AI068619 · NIAID · FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL · PI Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, RAPHAEL J LANDOVITZ · 2011 to 2026
$779.5MLC: HIV Vaccine Trials NetworkUM1AI068618 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Margaret Juliana McElrath · 2011 to 2026
$483.6MSDMC: HIV Vaccine Trials NetworkUM1AI068635 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Peter B. Gilbert, Yunda Huang · 2011 to 2026
$385.9MAIDS Clinical Trials Group NetworkU01AI068636 · NIAID · SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, INC. · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R. · 2006 to 2010
$147.1MHIV Prevention trials Network (HPTN) Coordinating and Operations CenterU01AI068619 · NIAID · FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL · PI VERMUND, STEN H. · 2006 to 2010
$72.7MUniversity of North Carolina Global HIV Prevention and Treatment Clinical Trials Unit 2024 SupplementUM1AI069423 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Joseph J Eron, MINA CHRISTINE HOSSEINIPOUR · 2012 to 2026
$71.8MThe Malawi Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069518 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JACKY M JENNINGS, TAHA E TAHA · 2012 to 2026
$43.8MWits HIV Research Group CLINICAL TRIAL UNIT (CTU) reapplicationUM1AI069463 · NIAID · WITS HEALTH CONSORTIUM (PTY), LTD · PI REES, HELEN, SANNE, IAN MATTHIAS · 2012 to 2025
$31.8MUnits for HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials NetworksU01AI069463 · NIAID · WITS HEALTH CONSORTIUM (PTY), LTD · PI SANNE, IAN MATTHIAS · 2007 to 2011
$24.2MHOST DEFENSE TRAINING IN ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASEST32AI007044 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI DAVID Neal FREDRICKS · 1985 to 2026
$14.6MICAP Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI154468 · NIAID · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAFAA M. EL-SADR, JESSICA E. JUSTMAN · 2021 to 2026
$13.0MNIAID NIH HHS R37 AI054165NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007044NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI068619NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI068636NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069463NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068614NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068618NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068619NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068635NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069423NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069463NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069518NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI154463NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI154468NIH HHS S10 OD028685U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 3UM1AI068618-15S1U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) R37AI054165U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) T32AI007044-45U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) UM1 AI068614-14
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are understudied in COVID-19 vaccine trials, leaving knowledge gaps on whether the identified immune correlates of protection also hold in PWH. CoVPN 3008 (NCT05168813) enrolled predominantly PWH and reported lower COVID-19 incidence for a Hybrid vs. Vaccine Group (baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive and one mRNA-1273 dose vs. negative and two doses). Using case-cohort sampling, antibody markers at enrolment (M0) and four weeks post-final vaccination (Peak) are assessed as immune correlates of COVID-19. For the Hybrid Group [n = 287 (195 PWH)], all M0 markers inversely correlate with COVID-19 through 230 days post-Peak, with 50% inhibitory dilution BA.4/5 neutralizing antibody titer (nAb-ID50 BA.4/5) the strongest and only independent correlate (HR per 10-fold increase=0.46, 95% CI 0.28, 0.75; P = 0.002). For the Vaccine Group [n = 115 (86 PWH)], Peak nAb-ID50 BA.4/5 correlates with reduced COVID-19 risk (1.9%, 1.1%, and 0.3% at titers 10, 100, and 1000 AU/ml) through 92, but not 165, days post-Peak. Using multivariable Cox analysis of binding and nAb, nAb titers predict COVID-19 in PWH. Two doses of a 100-µg Ancestral strain mRNA vaccine in baseline-SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals elicit sufficient cross-reacting Omicron antibodies to reduce COVID-19 incidence for 90 days post-Peak, but viral evolution and waning antibodies abrogate this protection thereafter.
Indexed as
Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHIV InfectionsSARS-CoV-22019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273AdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 Vaccines
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What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT05168813ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.