ArticleNature communications2025
citrOgen: a synthesis-free polysaccharide and protein antigen-presentation to antibody-induction platform.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- EspO-mediated neutrophil accumulation drives lethality during Citrobacter rodentium infection in interleukin-22-deficient mice.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Design of a live-attenuated bacterial vaccine using effector network engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- citrOgen: a synthesis-free polysaccharide and protein antigen-presentation to antibody-induction platform.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Existing technologies employed to generate antibodies against bacterial polysaccharides and proteins rely on the availability of purified or synthetic antigens. Here, we present a genetics-based platform that utilises Citrobacter rodentium (CR), an enteric mouse pathogen, to both produce and present complex heterologous polysaccharides and protein antigen complexes during natural infection. As proof of concept, we use lipopolysaccharides (O), capsular polysaccharides (K) and type 3 fimbrial (T3F) antigens expressed by the WHO critical priority pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and Escherichia coli (EC). Following one infection cycle (28 days), CR induces specific IgG antibodies against KPO1, ECO25b, KPK2 and KPT3F. We demonstrate that the antibodies are functional in downstream applications, including protection against pathogenic KP challenge, KP capsular serotyping and KP biofilm inhibition. Whilst KP and EC antigens were used as prototypical examples, this modular platform is now readily adaptable to generate antibodies against diverse polysaccharide and protein antigens, with basic science, public health and therapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.