Trial reportJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
Longitudinal tissue analysis reveals microenvironmental changes correlate with combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy response in metastatic breast cancer.
Trial report in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability to interrogate changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) before, during and following therapeutic intervention could yield important understanding of treatment response and causes for disease progression. Yet, the role of investigational tissue analysis faces key challenges in the clinical setting and the value of integrating longitudinal biopsies with emerging multimodal molecular analyses ("Multi-omics") remains to be defined. In this study, we conducted a multicenter phase 2 clinical trial examining the effect of a novel cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4/programmed death-ligand 1 bispecific antibody in combination with a dual-epitope blocking anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody in treatment-resistant metastatic breast cancer. We performed longitudinal sampling of patient tumor tissues before and following treatment. Single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing from 334,183 cells from site-matched tumors reveals significant temporal shift of various immune cell populations and phenotypes within the TME associated with treatment responses. Conversely, regulatory T cells were activated while effector T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were significantly depleted in non-responding tumors. Taken together, these results support that longitudinal analysis of TME to generate multiomics data that can lead to rich insight into disease process and to provide clinical value in evaluating treatment responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.