Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41052810›Full record

ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2025

Early detection of cerebral palsy among a high-risk cohort in Bangladesh.

Tasneem Karim, Anna Te Velde, Annabel Webb, Catherine Morgan, Nadia Badawi, Iona Novak, Saifuddin Ahmed, Shafiul Islam, Iskander Hossain, Nazrul Islam and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tasneem KarimCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia tasneem.karim@cerebralpalsy.org.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-8409
Anna Te VeldeCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Annabel WebbCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Catherine MorganCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nadia BadawiCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Iona NovakCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Saifuddin AhmedCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shafiul IslamCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Iskander HossainCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Nazrul IslamMymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Mohammad MuhitCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Gulam KhandakerSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the predictive validity of best practice early detection tools for cerebral palsy (CP) in a high-risk cohort. STUDY

designProspective longitudinal cohort study.

settingNeonatal intensive care unit of a regional tertiary hospital in Bangladesh.

participantsNeonates with risk factors for CP admitted to Mymensingh Medical College Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between November 2019 and March 2020. OUTCOME MEASURES: General Movements Assessment (GMA) at writhing and fidgety periods; Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Second Edition (PDMS-2) conducted in person at 3, 12 and 24 months. The Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC-2), Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) and Developmental Milestones Chart (DMC) were administered remotely at 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Due to the impact of COVID-19, a proportion of the cohort was not able to have GMA fidgety videos completed and the first HINE assessment was delayed.

resultsA total of 227 infants were enrolled. Of the surviving infants assessed at 24 months, 36 (29%) had a confirmed diagnosis of CP. The most accurate combination of tools for early detection was GMA and HINE at 3 months (sensitivity 0.91; specificity 1.00). The PDMS-2 Total Motor Quotient, with an optimised cut-off of 59, showed high accuracy at 24 months (sensitivity 0.94; specificity 0.99). Among the tools administered remotely, the DAYC-2 PD, DMC (Gross and Fine Motor domains) and ASQ-3 (Gross and Fine Motor domains) demonstrated strong predictive validity-both individually and in combination-at 9, 12, 18 and 24 months, supporting their use as practical alternatives when in-person assessments are not feasible.

conclusionsDespite pandemic-related disruptions, an accurate diagnosis was possible as early as 3 months of age using the best practice tools. Our findings support the practicability of scalable early detection models integrating in-person and remote assessments to improve access to timely diagnosis.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyCOVID-19BangladeshChild, PreschoolEarly DiagnosisFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, NeonatalLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeurologic ExaminationProspective StudiesRisk FactorsCerebral PalsyChildrenLow and Middle Income Countries

Identifiers

PMID41052810
PMCPMC12506230

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.