ArticleThe Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association2025
Dysmenorrhea among working women and its effect on their work productivity and activity impairment.
Article in The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of Therapeutic Exercise in Reducing the Severity of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Associated Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Perspectives on engineering and biomaterials in tampon design: a review of device-tissue interactions and dysmenorrhea risk.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is a common condition among women of reproductive age, significantly hindering their ability to work and participate in social, family, and sports activities. In Egypt, there is limited data on the frequency of dysmenorrhea among working women and its impact on their productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among working women, its determinants, and its effect on their work productivity and activity impairment.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 548 working women aged 20 to 45 years. Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire that included sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical information, menstrual history, job stress assessment using the workplace stress scale, and work productivity evaluation with the work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire.
resultsThe dysmenorrhea rate was 66.1%, with 64.7% of those affected reporting moderate to severe pain. Key independent predictors of dysmenorrhea include young age (≤ 32 years), working overtime or extra jobs, experiencing workplace stress, having an early menarche (< 12 years), and having a family history of dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrheic working women reported an absenteeism rate of 39.5%, a presenteeism rate of 96.1%, an overall work impairment rate of 96.4%, and a daily activity impairment rate of 94.2%. All of these rates were significantly higher in dysmenorrheic working women compared to those without the condition. Notably, the significant differences between the two groups increased with the severity of menstrual pain.
conclusionDysmenorrhea is a prevalent issue among working women in Egypt, adversely affecting their performance at work and in daily activities. Therefore, providing workplace rest areas equipped with pain relief options, implementing flexible work schedules or menstrual leave, and encouraging dysmenorrheic working women to seek medical care for severe pain that impairs their work or daily activities are highly recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.