Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41050932›Full record

ReviewiScience2025

Current evidence and challenges of multitarget anti-angiogenic agents for glioblastoma: Results from clinical trials.

Xinliang Liu, Zhigang Chen, Xin Wang, Pengwei Yan, Dan Zong, Wenjie Guo, Xia He

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xinliang LiuDepartment of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China.
Zhigang ChenDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China.
Xin WangDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Pengwei YanDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Dan ZongDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Wenjie GuoDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Xia HeDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly vascularized and aggressive brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. This systematic review critically appraises clinical evidence for multitarget anti-angiogenic agents, which inhibit pathways such as VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR. Most supporting data come from small, single-arm phase II trials or retrospective studies. Five challenges are highlighted: (i) translational shortcomings of current preclinical models, (ii) restriction of agent delivery by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), (iii) heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) driving intrinsic and adaptive resistance, (iv) angiogenic escape via vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and (v) a lack of consensus on late-line treatment for recurrent GBM (rGBM). Future research should prioritize robust biomarker development, brain-penetrant agents, strategies tailored to specific TEC subtypes, and disruption of VM to unlock the full therapeutic potential of anti-angiogenic agents in GBM. This review provides an evidence-based foundation and translational research guidance for clinicians and pharmaceutical researchers.

Indexed as

Clinical medicineOncologyTherapeutics

Identifiers

PMID41050932
PMCPMC12494598

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.