Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41050659›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Gut microbiota: a promising new target in immune tolerance.

Nourah Almansour, Fatema Al-Rashed, Khubaib Choudhry, Hend Alqaderi, Sardar Sindhu, Fahd Al-Mulla, Rasheed Ahmad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  14. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Probiotic Strains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nourah AlmansourDepartment of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
Fatema Al-RashedDepartment of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
Khubaib ChoudhryDepartment of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hend AlqaderiDepartment of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Sardar SindhuDepartment of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
Fahd Al-MullaDepartment of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
Rasheed AhmadDepartment of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gut microbiota research has highlighted its pivotal role in human health and disease. Its composition is shaped by diet, genetics, age, and environmental factors. When the balance of these microbes is disrupted (dysbiosis), it can contribute to health problems like metabolic, inflammatory, and mental disorders. The microbiota supports digestion, fermentation, and vitamin production, which are essential for overall health. The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical modulator of immune function, with increasing evidence highlighting its role in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance. Despite significant advances in understanding the interactions between the gut microbiome and immune system, gaps remain in the literature regarding the specific mechanisms through which microbiota influences immune tolerance. This review aims to address these knowledge gaps by synthesizing current research on the microbiota impact on immune tolerance, emphasizing key factors such as microbial diversity, metabolic byproducts, and the microbiota interaction with immune cells, specifically focusing on the role of microbial tryptophan metabolites in PD-1/PD-L1 tolerance. We also highlight critical areas for future research, including the identification of microbial species or strains that can modulate immune tolerance, the influence of diet and environmental factors on microbiota composition, and the development of microbiota-based therapies. By bridging these gaps, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic role of microbiota immune tolerance and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmune ToleranceAnimalsDysbiosisHumansgut microbiotaimmune modulationimmune toleranceprobioticsTreg

Identifiers

PMID41050659
PMCPMC12488628

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.