ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025
Bilirubin-polymer nanocarriers enable targeted farrerol delivery for glaucoma neuroprotection via Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis/apoptosis inhibition.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- "Ferroptosis-immune" cycle: Research progress of tumor microenvironment responsive nanomaterials in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Anti-Apoptotic and Neurite-Protective Nanomedicine Augments Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Transplantation in Glaucoma Recovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Glaucoma: Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Formononetin alleviated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by orchestrating renal tubular cell ferroptosis via PI3K/AKT/NRF2 pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- NRF2 Deficiency Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis via NDUFS7 in Trabecular Meshwork.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Geno-guided targeting of ferroptosis: a multi-layered network to overcome radioresistance in lung cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Redefining cell death: ferroptosis as a game-changer in ophthalmology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Farrerol inhibits ferroptosis and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by targeting the RUNX1/SLC7A11 axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration with limited treatment options. The natural flavonoid farrerol exhibits neuroprotective potential through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but its therapeutic application is limited by poor bioavailability and photodegradation. This study investigates farrerol's neuroprotective mechanisms and develops an optimized nanoformulation for enhanced efficacy. In vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (IR) models demonstrate that farrerol significantly improves RGC survival and visual function. Mechanistic studies reveal that farrerol activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and modulates key ferroptosis markers (glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4)), thereby inhibiting RGC apoptosis. To overcome delivery limitations, farrerol-loaded bilirubin nanoparticles (FB-NPs) are developed, showing enhanced stability and neuroprotective effects in glaucomatous injury models. These findings identify the Nrf2/ferroptosis/apoptosis axis as a novel therapeutic target and present an effective nanodelivery strategy for glaucoma treatment.
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