ArticleTobacco prevention & cessation2025
Cue-Restricted Smoking as a behavioral adjunct for smoking cessation: Observational sub-analysis of a randomized trial of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03264313 (A Prospective, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Use of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Use of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) on Smoking Cessation.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCue-Restricted Smoking (CRS) is a behavioral technique for smoking cessation that has shown efficacy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. In CRS, individuals limit smoking to a standing position while facing a wall in an isolated environment devoid of sensory stimulation. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of CRS in a randomized trial evaluating deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS), which failed to show significant treatment effects.
methodsIn a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial evaluating dTMS for smoking cessation, 100 participants were instructed to quit smoking by the end of week 1. None achieved cessation. Only 85 participants remained in the protocol beyond week 1 and received guidance to implement CRS during cravings. Cigarette consumption was monitored through self-report, exhaled carbon monoxide (COex), and plasma cotinine levels. Participants were categorized as: no reduction, additional reduction, or cessation. Joinpoint regression was used to assess longitudinal trends.
resultsThe 85 participants (68% male; mean age 49 ± 11.6 years) reported a mean of 31 ± 11.2 years of smoking. Beyond week one, 33% had not reduced their consumption, 8% showed a mild reduction, 43% a moderate reduction, and 15% a significant reduction; none achieved cessation. After CRS, 40% (95% CI: 29.5-51.2) reported further reduction, and 16.5% (95% CI: 9.3-26.1) achieved verified cessation by week 12. Joinpoint analysis confirmed significant decreasing trends in cigarette use and COex among the significant reduction and cessation groups.
conclusionsCRS was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in smoking and biochemically confirmed cessation. It is a low-cost, scalable technique that does not require intensive training or pharmacotherapy. This approach may be advantageous in low-resource settings. It warrants evaluation in larger randomized trials across diverse populations. CLINICAL
trial registrationThe study is registered on the official website of ClinicalTrials.gov. IDENTIFIER: ID NCT03264313.
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