ReviewOxford open immunology2025
A user's guide to designing efficient and safe mucosal vaccines: Challenges & potentials.
Review in Oxford open immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mannosylated chitosan-PLGA delivers Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes for oral immunoprotection against H9N2 in broilers.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mucosal immunization represents a promising approach to protect against pathogens that enter through mucosal surfaces. This review provides a practical overview of the mucosal immune system's main features and explores the benefits of mucosal vaccination, including its capacity to induce both local and systemic immune responses. Key challenges-such as mechanical barriers, the tolerogenic nature of mucosal immunity and variability due to environmental influences-are examined in detail. Strategies to overcome mucosal tolerance, improve antigen uptake and enhance immunogenicity are discussed, alongside recent advances that combine multiple mucosal routes or explore less conventional pathways. The review also outlines practical considerations for optimizing vaccine delivery and evaluating immune responses, offering a user-oriented guide to the current landscape and future directions in mucosal vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.