Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41048289›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Conceptually mapping how investing in essential public health functions (EPHFs) and common goods for health (CGH) can improve health system performance.

Michelle Amri, Dheepa Rajan, Kira Koch, Alexandra J Earle, Susan P Sparkes, Yu Zhang, Sohel Saikat, Jesse B Bump

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Michelle AmriThe W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Dheepa RajanEuropean Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, WHO European Centre for Health Policy, Brussels, Belgium.
Kira KochSpecial Programme on Primary Health Care, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Alexandra J EarleDepartment of Health Financing and Economics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Susan P SparkesDepartment of Health Financing and Economics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Yu ZhangSpecial Programme on Primary Health Care, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sohel SaikatSpecial Programme on Primary Health Care, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jesse B BumpTakemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Calls for investing in essential public health functions (EPHFs) and common goods for health (CGH) are numerous, but it is often unclear to policymakers how such investments lead to health system improvements. Objectives: To showcase plausible pathways between actions taken to improve specific health system functions-in other words, investments in EPHFs and CGH-and their impact on health system performance, the health systems performance assessment framework for Universal Health Coverage is used. We draw on three examples-community engagement and social participation, taxes and subsidies, and public health surveillance and monitoring-to demonstrate how action in these areas can improve health systems. Conclusions: This conceptual mapping also points to the crucial role of good governance and demonstrates how investing in multiple EPHFs and CGH can trigger a chain reaction to spur broader health system improvement.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareInvestmentsPublic HealthQuality ImprovementCommunity ParticipationHumansUniversal Health Insurancecommon goods for healthessential public health functionsglobal healthgood governancehealth systemhealth system performancehealth system performance assessmentinternational health

Identifiers

PMID41048289
PMCPMC12491308

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.