ReviewBiology of sport2025
Effects of plyometric training performed on different surfaces and with different types of footwear on the neuromuscular performance of team-sport athletes: A systematic review.
Review in Biology of sport, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dose-response relationships of sand training compared to other surface training in improving change of direction and jump performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of plyometric training on different surfaces on lower-limb power, dynamic balance, and agility in male collegiate tennis players.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Depth-specific responses to 8-week additional aquatic plyometric training on explosive performance and start-turn metrics in collegiate male swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of plyometric training (PT) performed on different surfaces and with different types of footwear on the neuromuscular performance of team-sport athletes, and to properly delineate the role of these specific factors (i.e., surface type and footwear) on PT outcomes. A systematic search was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published before May 2024. From the total of 2832 articles, 35 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The results indicate that sand surfaces seem to be more effective than other surfaces in increasing neuromuscular performance. Specifically, studies that investigated the intervention process found significant improvements in performance metrics after plyometric sand training. In terms of acute effects, the results were diverse and inconclusive, with no clear pattern of evidence. Despite presenting lower improvements overall, rigid surfaces required a lower number of contacts compared to other types of surfaces to achieve similar performance gains. PT in water is also recommended to promote neuromuscular adaptations. Regarding footwear, minimalist and rigid options were found to lead to higher improvements in various neuromuscular performance variables, likely due to enhanced energy efficiency and stability during PT sessions. The included studies indicated that PT on sand is highly effective for improving neuromuscular adaptations. However, training on rigid surfaces is more time-efficient, while aquatic surfaces are also recommended. Additionally, minimalist or rigid footwear acutely improves various athletic performance variables. Overall, when designing a PT program, it is crucial to consider both the surface and footwear to maximize neuromuscular adaptations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.