ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025
Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Bolivia: Simulation-Based Assessment of Control Strategies and Vaccination Requirements.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Examining the dissemination dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is critical for revising national response plans. We developed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate FMD outbreaks in Bolivia and explore how the national response plan impacts the dissemination among all susceptible species. We explored variations in the control strategies, mapped high-risk areas, and estimated the number of vaccinated animals during the reactive ring vaccination. Initial outbreaks ranged from 1 to 357 infected farms, with control measures implemented for up to 100 days, including control zones, a 30-day movement ban, depopulation, and ring vaccination. Combining vaccination (50-90 farms/day) and depopulation (1-2 farms/day) controlled 60.3% of outbreaks, while similar vaccination but higher depopulation rates (3-5 farms/day) controlled 62.9% and eliminated outbreaks 9 days faster. Utilizing depopulation alone controlled 56.76% of outbreaks, but had a significantly longer median duration of 63 days. Combining vaccination (25-45 farms/day) and depopulation (6-7 farms/day) was the most effective approach, eliminating all outbreaks within a median of 3 days (with a maximum of 79 days). Vaccination alone controlled only 0.6% of outbreaks and had a median duration of 98 days. Ultimately, results showed that the most effective strategy involved ring vaccination combined with depopulation, requiring a median of 925,338 animals to be vaccinated. Outbreaks were most frequent in high-density farming areas, such as Potosí, Cochabamba, and La Paz. Our results suggest that emergency ring vaccination alone cannot eliminate FMD if reintroduced in Bolivia, and combining depopulation with vaccination significantly shortens the outbreak duration. These findings provide valuable insights to inform Bolivia's national FMD response plan, including vaccine requirements and the role of depopulation in controlling outbreaks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.