ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025
Astragalus Polysaccharide Nanoemulsion: A Promising Adjuvant for Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus-Like Particle Vaccines.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Tibetan pigs and preparation of inactivated vaccine with Tibetan medicine adjuvant.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-assisted preparation of nanoemulsions co-stabilized by immature nectarine polysaccharide and soy protein isolate.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine immunization is the most cost-effective way for preventing infectious diseases, and the development of safe and effective adjuvants is crucial for ensuring vaccine efficacy. Due to the advantages of high safety profile, excellent stability, and significant immune-enhancing properties, nanoemulsions have become widely used adjuvants in animal vaccines. In this study, a novel astragalus polysaccharide nanoemulsion (APSN) was developed using pseudo-ternary phase diagram method combined with phase inversion technique. The resulting nanoemulsion exhibited a hydrated diameter of approximately 78.82 nm, with favorable stability and biocompatibility. A vaccine based on FMDV virus-like particles (VLPs) was formulated using APSN as an adjuvant and was used to immunize mice and pigs. Mouse immunization results demonstrated that APSN significantly enhanced the levels of specific antibodies, IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-4 induced by FMDV VLPs. Comparing with ISA-206, immunization in pigs showed that APSN paired with FMDV VLPs induced higher levels of specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, IL-1β, IL-4, and IFN-γ. The above results indicate that APSN is a new type of nanoemulsion adjuvant with strong potential to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, contributing valuable insights to the development of nanoadjuvant-based vaccine formulations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.