ArticleJPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition2026
The relationship between infant feeding types, gut microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and neurodevelopment in a neonatal piglet model.
Article in JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanotechnology-Driven Drug-Delivery Systems: Mechanistic Insights for Pediatric Autism Treatment in 2026.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The relationship between infant feeding types, gut microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and neurodevelopment in a neonatal piglet model.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe influences of nutrition on the infant's developing gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, intestinal tract, and brain is unclear. Human milk (HM) is associated with beneficial immune and cognitive development compared with infant formula (IF). This study used a neonatal piglet model to determine the effects of infant feeding exposures (HM vs IF) on the GI microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and brain oligodendrocyte maturation.
methodsSix pairs of piglets received HM or IF for 28 days. Fecal samples were collected weekly and GI regions (jejunum, ileum, and colon) and brains were harvested at necropsy. Fecal microbiome composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing. Intestinal inflammation was assessed via quantification of intestinal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fecal calprotectin. Neurodevelopment was evaluated by quantifying mature and immature oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter.
resultsBacterial community composition differed between feeding groups (P < 0.002) and over time (P = 0.001). Various highly abundant genera were associated with changes over time (P < 0.05) and only Escherichia-Shigella was associated with feeding group by time interactions (P < 0.05). No differences were found in intestinal inflammatory markers between feeding types, but mature oligodendrocytes in white matter were higher in HM-fed piglets (P = 0.004). Various intestinal inflammatory markers and relatively highly abundant genera were significantly associated.
conclusionPiglet fecal bacterial compositions differed by feeding group and over time, with several relatively highly abundant genera associated with intestinal inflammatory markers. Additionally, HM may support proper white matter development. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying these relationships.
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