Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41047396›Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2025

Longitudinal associations between preschoolers' 24-h movement behaviors and development of self-regulation, executive function, vocabulary, and numeracy.

Kristoffer Buene Vabø, Katrine Nyvoll Aadland, Anthony D Okely, Caterina Pesce, Eivind Aadland

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04048967 (Active Learning Norwegian Preschool), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04048967 nacompletednot on this map

Active Learning Norwegian Preschool(er)s

TypeinterventionalSponsorWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesRan2019 to 2022Enrolled1,265ConditionsPreschool Children's Physical Activity, Health and DevelopmentArmsProfessional development
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kristoffer Buene VabøDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway. kbva@hvl.no.
Katrine Nyvoll AadlandDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
Anthony D OkelyDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
Caterina PesceDepartment of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
Eivind AadlandDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SED), including screen time, and sleep constitute 24-h “movement behaviors” and may influence development of children’s cognitive function and academic skills. However, the existing longitudinal evidence in young children is scarce and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between these movement behaviors and change in self-regulation, executive function, vocabulary, and numeracy in preschool children.

methods561 children (53% boys; aged 3–4 years at baseline) from the Active Learning Norwegian Preschool(er)s study provided data on PA and SED (ActiGraph GT3X +), screen time (parent-report), and sleep (parent-report) at baseline, and at least one outcome variable: self-regulation (Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task), inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, vocabulary, or numeracy (Early Years Toolbox) at baseline and 18-month follow-up. We analyzed longitudinal associations between movement behaviors at baseline and change in cognitive and academic outcomes between baseline and follow-up using multivariate pattern analysis and linear regression analysis.

resultsWe found no significant associations in the primary analyses. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations in girls for change in inhibition (R2 = 5.40%) and self-regulation (R2 = 4.22%). For inhibition, associations were negative for SED (0–99 cpm) and positive for all PA intensities (≥ 100 counts per minute). For self-regulation, associations were positive for SED and negative for all PA intensities. Using linear regression, we found no significant associations for separate explanatory variables or for compliance with all movement behavior guidelines with cognitive or academic outcomes.

conclusionGenerally, young children’s movement behaviors were not associated with change in self-regulation, executive function, vocabulary, or numeracy during preschool years.

trial registrationThe study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (reference number: 248220), and registered at clinicaltrials.gov August 7, 2019, with the identifier NCT04048967.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentExecutive FunctionExerciseMathematicsSedentary BehaviorSelf-ControlVocabularyChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNorwayScreen TimeSleepAcademic skillsCognitive functionEarly childhoodPhysical activityScreen timeSleep

Identifiers

PMID41047396
PMCPMC12498441

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.