Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41047110›Full record

Observational studyAmerican journal of ophthalmology2026

Exogenous Testosterone Use Increases the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Emilio M Roig, Leo Arnal, Anish Salvi, Yeabsira Mesfin, Karen M Wai, Eubee Koo, Andrea Kossler, Euna Koo, Ehsan Rahimy, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in American journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Emilio M RoigDepartment of Ophthalmology (E.M.R. and H.U.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Leo ArnalDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Anish SalviDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Yeabsira MesfinSchool of Medicine (Y.M.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Karen M WaiDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Eubee KooDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Andrea KosslerDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Euna KooDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Ehsan RahimyDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology (E.R.), Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Prithvi MruthyunjayaDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Chase A LudwigDepartment of Ophthalmology (L.A., A.S., K.M.W., E.K., A.K., E.K., E.R., P.M., and C.A.L.), Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA. Electronic address: caludwig@stanford.edu.
Hong-Uyen HuaDepartment of Ophthalmology (E.M.R. and H.U.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHEN A BACCUS · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Myopic Vitreoretinal PathologyK23EY035741 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Chase Axel Ludwig · 2024 to 2026
$822k
NEI NIH HHS K23 EY035741NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the association between exogenous testosterone (ExoT) use and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

designRetrospective observational cohort study using large-scale electronic health record data. SUBJECTS/

participantsPatients receiving ExoT therapy, identified from the MarketScan and STARR databases.

methodsData were accessed from two sources: Merative MarketScan Commercial Database and Stanford's Clinical Data Warehouse (STARR), which aggregates deidentified patient records from Stanford Health Care. Patients on testosterone therapy were included and categorized by CSCR status. Demographic factors such as sex (administrative field), race, and ethnicity were assessed. Laboratory values (testosterone, hematocrit, red blood cell counts count, cortisol) were compared in STARR, with limited availability in MarketScan. Logistic regression analyses were performed in MarketScan, adjusting for age and sex. A sensitivity analysis restricted to patients exposed to ExoT prior to CSCR diagnosis was also performed.

main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were CSCR prevalence and adjusted odds ratios for CSCR risk in patients on ExoT. Secondary outcomes included differences in laboratory values and treatment requirements (photodynamic therapy and intravitreal injections).

resultsIn STARR, individuals with CSCR on ExoT had significantly higher mean testosterone levels (P = .001), hematocrit (P = .022), and red blood cell counts (P = .005) compared to those without CSCR. In MarketScan, laboratory values trended in the same direction but were not statistically significant, likely reflecting limited sample sizes. Logistic regression in MarketScan showed that ExoT was significantly associated with increased CSCR risk (adjusted odds ratios: 8.05; 99% CI: 6.04-10.73). In both datasets, there were no significant differences in treatment rates (photodynamic therapy or intravitreal injections) between ExoT and non-ExoT users. In a sensitivity analysis restricted to patients who received ExoT prior to CSCR diagnosis, no significant laboratory differences were observed.

conclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant association between ExoT use and increased CSCR risk, highlighting the importance of monitoring patients on testosterone therapy for potential ocular symptoms, especially among high-risk demographic groups.

Indexed as

AndrogensCentral Serous ChorioretinopathyTestosteroneAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsVisual AcuityAndrogensTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID41047110
PMCPMC12900077

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.