ArticleEye (London, England)2025
Ophthalmic complications associated with COVID-19: a large US national database analysis.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- COVID-19 vaccination and retinal vascular occlusion: still open for debate?Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess ophthalmic complications following COVID-19 infection and the impact of mRNA vaccination.
methodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a large US database of de-identified electronic health records (1 March 2020-30 April 2021). Patients with COVID-19 and subsequent ophthalmology evaluation were included. The vaccinated COVID-19 cohort was matched to an unvaccinated cohort (n = 73,654 each). COVID-19 and influenza patients (n = 77,809 each) were also matched. Influenza served as a historical control. Ten ophthalmic conditions were assessed post-COVID-19 infection, including retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Bonferroni correction addressed multiple comparisons.
resultsVaccinated COVID-19 patients had significantly lower odds of retinal oedema (OR 0.68; 99.5% CI, 0.54-0.85), vitreous haemorrhage (OR 0.55; 99.5% CI, 0.44-0.68), and optic neuritis (OR 0.60; 99.5% CI, 0.43-0.85) compared to unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of RAO, RVO, or retinal haemorrhage between vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. COVID-19 patients exhibited higher odds of diplopia (OR 1.89; 99.5% CI, 1.53-2.32) and cranial nerve VI palsy (OR 3.19; 99.5% CI, 1.82-5.59) compared to influenza patients, while rates of optic neuritis, RAO, RVO, retinal oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and retinal haemorrhage were similar between the groups
conclusionsVaccination was associated with a lower incidence of retinal oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and optic neuritis. Compared to influenza, COVID-19 was associated with diplopia and CN VI palsy, while other neuro-ophthalmic and retinal pathologies had similar risk. Further research is needed to clarify these associations and underlying mechanisms.
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