Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41045984›Full record

ArticleCancer letters2025

Irreversible electroporation with intratumoral plant virus immunotherapy induces systemic immunity in a metastatic model of pancreatic cancer.

Debbie K Ledezma, Utsav Joshi, Kim Nguyen-Ta, Himangshu Sonowal, Hana Russo, Isabel G Newton, Nicole F Steinmetz, Rebekah R White

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Debbie K LedezmaMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Utsav JoshiMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kim Nguyen-TaMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Himangshu SonowalMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Hana RussoDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Isabel G NewtonDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nicole F SteinmetzMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute of Engineering Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
Rebekah R WhiteMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: rewhite@health.ucsd.edu.

Funding

UCSD/SDSU IRACDAK12GM068524 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI TREJO, JOANN · 2003 to 2025
$24.4M
UCSD Cancer Center Training Program in Drug DevelopmentT32CA121938 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Michael Bouvet, Dwayne G. Stupack · 2006 to 2026
$10.3M
Dual-pronged nano-drug delivery using plant virus-like particles.R01CA224605 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Nicole Franziska Steinmetz · 2017 to 2026
$4.0M
Toward translation of a plant virus-based in situ vaccination nanotechnologyR01CA274640 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIERING, STEVEN, RANJAN, ASHISH · 2022 to 2025
$2.5M
Combining Irreversible Electroporation with Immunotherapy for the Systemic Treatment of Pancreatic CancerR01CA254268 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI WHITE, REBEKAH · 2021 to 2025
$2.2M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA224605NCI NIH HHS R01 CA254268NCI NIH HHS R01 CA274640NCI NIH HHS T32 CA121938NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM068524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer remains highly resistant to immunotherapy, necessitating innovative strategies. This study explores a novel combination of irreversible electroporation (IRE) and plant virus-based nanoparticles to enhance immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). IRE is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique already in clinical use, but it often fails to prevent metastasis. Plant viral nanoparticles, such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), have shown potent immune-stimulating properties in various cancer models. Using an immunocompetent orthotopic PDAC mouse model with liver metastases, we evaluated the impact of combining IRE and intratumoral CPMV. Combination therapy significantly improved survival and increased infiltration of activated, profilerating CD8

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalComovirusElectroporationImmunotherapyLiver NeoplasmsPancreatic NeoplasmsAnimalsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorCombined Modality TherapyDendritic CellsFemaleHumansKiller Cells, NaturalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLIntratumoral immunotherapyIrreversible electroporationPancreatic cancer metastasisPlant virus immunotherapySystemic anti-tumor immunity

Identifiers

PMID41045984
PMCPMC13220288

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.