ArticleVeterinary research communications2025
First serological evidence of equine coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in horses in North Africa.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Viral diseases cause significant economic losses within the equine population. Horses are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), although only ECoV has been associated to clinical disease. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in Algeria, the seroprevalence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the prevalence of ECoV infection in horses. In 2022, a total of 299 serum samples was collected from horses aged 1 to 27 years. Serological analysis for the presence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 was performed using a validated in-house and a commercially available ELISA, respectively. In addition, fecal samples of these animals were tested for the presence of ECoV RNA by RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2-ELISA positive sera with high S/P ratios and negative samples close to the doubtful threshold were retested using a virus neutralization test (VNT). The seroprevalence of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the tested horses was 63.5% (190/299) and 4.3% (13/299), respectively. Among CoVs-seropositive horses, six were seropositive for both ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, thus 6/10 sera were VNT positive, including two ELISA-negative samples for SARS-CoV-2. ECoV seroprevalence varied according to age, breed and sex. None of the fecal samples tested positive for ECoV. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed by VNT in six samples (2%). One SARS-CoV-2-positive serum tested by ELISA and confirmed through VNT was cytotoxic for VERO cells. This study is the first to report the circulation of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the Algerian horse population. Further studies are necessary to isolate and obtain molecular characterisation of ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 from horses in Algeria.
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