ArticleAllergy, asthma & immunology research2025
Distinct Clinical and Cytokine Features of Moderate-Severe Persistent AR Phenotype by ARIA Classification: COCOA.
Article in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased rapidly. However, the AR phenotype in the general population remains poorly explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the distinct features of AR phenotypes according to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification in Korean children.
methodsWe enrolled 1,113 children aged 7 years from the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA) study. AR was diagnosed by a physician at each scheduled visit, and the AR phenotype was defined according to the ARIA classification. We analyzed the results of skin prick tests and performed cytokine assays using blood samples collected at ages 3 and 7.
resultsThe prevalence of AR at age 7 was 48.9%, while that of moderate-to-severe persistent AR phenotype was 4.4%. Cesarean delivery was associated with the mild-intermittent AR phenotype, while prenatal antibiotic use was linked to the moderate-to-severe persistent phenotype. Sensitization to
conclusionsThese findings suggest that 4.4% of Korean children had a moderate-to-severe persistent AR phenotype, as defined by ARIA. Early sensitization to
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