Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41044656›Full record

ArticleClinical epigenetics2025

Cadmium and Chromium exposure associated with DNA hypermethylation of p16 tumor suppressor gene: a case-control study from endemic region of northern India.

Runjhun Mathur, Gaurav Saini, Sheo Prasad Shukla, Abhimanyu Kumar Jha

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical epigenetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Runjhun MathurDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gaurav SainiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India.
Sheo Prasad ShuklaRajkiya Engineering College, Banda, India.
Abhimanyu Kumar JhaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India. abhimanyujha630@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental impact of urbanization on water quality in Greater Noida, a rapidly developing region in India. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from five villages during the pre-monsoon season using sterilized polypropylene bottles, and samples were acidified and digested with concentrated nitric acid prior to analysis. Chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in water were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), with mean pre-monsoon concentrations of 0.436 ± 0.237 ppb for Cr and 0.224 ± 0.091 ppb for Cd. A case-control study involving 25 cancer patients and 25 healthy individuals was conducted to explore the potential health effects of heavy metal exposure through drinking water. Blood samples were analyzed for Cd and Cr levels, and p16 gene promoter hypermethylation was assessed in whole blood leukocytes using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The frequency of p16 hypermethylation was significantly higher in the exposed group (64%) compared to controls (8%) (p = 0.002). These findings demonstrate a strong association between heavy metal exposure and p16 hypermethylation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring, control measures, and remediation strategies to address environmental contamination and safeguard public health in swiftly urbanizing regions like Greater Noida.

Indexed as

CadmiumChromiumDNA MethylationGenes, p16NeoplasmsWater Pollutants, ChemicalAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedPromoter Regions, GeneticCadmiumChromiumWater Pollutants, ChemicalCadmiumChromiumGroundwaterHeavy metalsHypermethylationp16 gene

Identifiers

PMID41044656
PMCPMC12495674

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.