Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41044527›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Unveiling masturbatory sexual behaviours in Nigeria: insights into the prevalence and factors associated with self- and mutual masturbation among the sexually active population.

Yusuf Bello, Deborah Oke, Temitope Ilori, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Tope Olubodun, Isaac Adewole, Suzanna Francis, Deborah Watson-Jones, Imran O Morhason-Bello

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yusuf BelloHPV Consortium, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-3232
Deborah OkeHPV Consortium, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Temitope IloriNational Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja, Nigeria.
Sikiru Adekola AdebayoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Urological Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Tope OlubodunDepartment of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Isaac AdewoleHPV Consortium, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Suzanna FrancisInternational Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Deborah Watson-JonesClinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Imran O Morhason-BelloHPV Consortium, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. imranmorhasonbello@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-4824

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMasturbation is a common practice across various demographics worldwide. However, its prevalence among the general population in Nigeria remains unknown. This study investigates the prevalence of self- and mutual masturbation and their associated factors among sexually active Nigerians.

methodsData were obtained from the Sexual Behaviour and HPV Infection in Nigerians in Ibadan cross-sectional study, including males and females aged 18-45 years. After obtaining consent, participants were asked during face-to-face interviews whether they had ever touched their genitals or inserted fingers into the vagina or anus for sexual pleasure (self-masturbation) or whether they and their sexual partners had ever touched each other's genitals by hand for sexual pleasure (mutual masturbation). The prevalence of self- and mutual masturbation was reported using percentages, while their associations with participants' demographic, lifestyle, and biological characteristics were examined using chi-square tests. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

resultsMutual masturbation (83.7%) was more common than self-masturbation (64.9%) among participants. The prevalence of self-masturbation was significantly higher among males than females (69.9% vs. 62.4%, p = 0.022), while mutual masturbation was significantly higher among females than males (86.6% vs. 78.1%, p = 0.001). Occupation, smartphone ownership, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with self-masturbation, while ethnicity, location, number of penile-vaginal sex partners, and receiving oral sex were associated with mutual masturbation.

conclusionSelf- and mutual masturbation are highly prevalent among sexually active Nigerians, with distinct factors influencing each behaviour.

Indexed as

MasturbationSexual BehaviorAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaPrevalenceSexual PartnersYoung AdultFemaleMaleMutual masturbationNigeriaSelf-masturbationSex

Identifiers

PMID41044527
PMCPMC12495832

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.