ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2025
Evaluation of the gut microbiome and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed hormone receptor-positive breast cancer versus healthy women: a prospective case-control study.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The complex of gut microbial metabolites and sex hormones in Alzheimer's disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis-Mediated Regulation of Stem Cells the First Hit for Cancer Generation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bacterial contributions to cancer development: mechanisms, dysbiosis, and cross-cancer associations.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Linking the relationship between drug-induced osteoporosis and the gut microbiota.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The dialogue between breast cancer and microorganisms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- From dysbiosis to tumorigenesis: microbiome-derived metabolites as emerging cancer biomarkers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The estrobolome: Estrogen-metabolizing pathways of the gut microbiome and their relation to breast cancer.International journal of cancer · 2025Review
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16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe functional composition and diversity of the gut microbiome may affect breast cancer risk by modulation of systemic sex hormones. Gut bacteria with β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity may deconjugate estrogens, leading to increased estrogen reabsorption into the circulation thereby increasing breast cancer risk. We investigated the relationship between the gut bacterial microbiome and endogenous estrogens and related sex hormones in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer compared to healthy control women. The goal was to determine if the estrobolome (i.e., bacteria capable of modulating the body's circulated estrogen levels) was altered in those with breast cancer compared with controls.
methodsIn this prospective case-control study, postmenopausal women (n = 46) with newly diagnosed stage I-III estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer were compared with healthy postmenopausal female controls (n = 22). Bacterial composition of the gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal specimens. Plasma and urine sex hormones were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
resultsWe found evidence that some β-glucuronidase positive bacteria were enriched in the breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, whereas abundances of some β-glucuronidase negative bacteria were reduced. There was also a wide distribution of prevalence of β-glucuronidase positive taxa in both breast cancer subjects and healthy controls, as well as higher probability of breast cancer subjects having higher average β-glucuronidase levels. Significant differences were found in endogenous progesterone levels between the breast cancer patients and healthy controls.
conclusionThis pilot study showed differences in the gut microbiome and endogenous progesterone levels among postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer compared with healthy controls. These interesting findings may have implications for breast cancer risk and prevention and warrant further exploration.
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