Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41044400›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Cortical modulation through robotic gait training with motor imagery brain-computer interface enhances bladder function in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Ericka Raiane da S Serafini, Cristian D Guerrero-Mendez, Cristian F Blanco-Diaz, Fernando da Silva Fiorin, Thayse S de Albuquerque, André F O A Dantas, Denis Delisle-Rodriguez, Caroline C do Espírito-Santo

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ericka Raiane da S SerafiniPostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil.
Cristian D Guerrero-MendezPostgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, 29075-910, ES, Brazil.
Cristian F Blanco-DiazPostgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, 29075-910, ES, Brazil.
Fernando da Silva FiorinPostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil.
Thayse S de AlbuquerquePostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil.
André F O A DantasPostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil.
Denis Delisle-RodriguezPostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil.
Caroline C do Espírito-SantoPostgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Av. Alberto Santos Dumont, 1560-Zona Rural, Macaíba, 59288-899, RN, Brazil. caroline.santo@isd.org.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurogenic bladder (NB) dysfunction in individuals with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that significantly affects quality of life. Despite the prevalence of interventions, there is a substantial gap in effective treatments for this dysfunction. This study proposes robotic-assisted gait training combined with motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) to induce improved cortical modulation, and consequently improve bladder function in patients with SCI. The study involved seven men with complete and chronic SCI in a protocol comprising 24 sessions of robotic-assisted walking with BCI and MI. This regimen was designed to teach both mu (µ, 8-12 Hz) and beta (β, 15-20 Hz) modulation through MI practices using multi-channel EEG neurofeedback (NFB), focusing on sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activation. Clinical outcomes were measured using the neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS), which revealed substantial improvements in bladder control among participants. EEG analysis confirmed a significant correlation between modulation of µ and β rhythms with decreased NBSS scores. Our findings support that robotic-assisted gait training combined with MI-based BCI effectively modulates with more precision the cortical µ and β rhythms and improves NB dysfunction in SCI individuals.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesGaitImagery, PsychotherapyRoboticsSpinal Cord InjuriesUrinary BladderUrinary Bladder, NeurogenicAdultElectroencephalographyHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofeedbackBrain computer interfaceMotor imageryNeurogenic bladderRobotic gait trainingSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID41044400
PMCPMC12494983

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.