Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41043167›Full record

SynthesisRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)2025

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia associated with vascular impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aimê de Paula Santos, Artur de Oliveira Macena Lôbo, Carla Bianca Alves Leite Santos, Matheus Goiana Novaes Correia Carvalho, Marcela Maria Cabral Ribeiro, Ana Eunice Oliveira Rodrigues, Sophia Mendonça Santos, Bruno Henrique Carneiro Costa, Stefan Welkovic, Eduardo Sousa de Melo and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Depression and anxiety in vascular dementia: an update.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Aimê de Paula SantosCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Artur de Oliveira Macena LôboCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Carla Bianca Alves Leite SantosCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Matheus Goiana Novaes Correia CarvalhoCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Marcela Maria Cabral RibeiroFaculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Ana Eunice Oliveira RodriguesCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Sophia Mendonça SantosCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Bruno Henrique Carneiro CostaServiço de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Stefan WelkovicPrograma de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Eduardo Sousa de MeloCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Breno José Alencar Pires BarbosaCentro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil. Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major cause of cognitive decline associated with vascular brain injury. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, but their prevalence across VCI subtypes remains unclear. This study examines the prevalence of BPSD in different VCI subtypes.

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies assessing BPSD in patients with VCI were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies were eligible if they used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to evaluate symptoms. Pooled prevalence rates for each NPI domain were calculated using a random-effects model.

resultsThirty-five studies (n=5,805) were included. In unspecified VCI, apathy (54.29%), depression (43.48%), and irritability (38.76%) were most common. Subcortical VCI was associated with higher apathy (62.01%), depression (52.11%), and irritability (44.73%). Mixed dementia featured increased apathy (61.65%), depression (45.68%), sleep disturbances (44.63%), and more hallucinations (26.64%). VCI non-dementia (VCI-ND) was associated with depression (44.97%), irritability (32.75%), and anxiety (30.07%).

conclusionBPSD are prevalent across VCI subtypes but vary. Mixed dementia features more hallucinations and sleep disturbances, likely due to overlapping vascular and neurodegenerative pathology. Apathy and agitation in subcortical VCI may reflect vascular burden. Further research is warranted to clarify underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDementiaDementia, VascularApathyDepressionHumansNeuropsychological TestsPrevalencemixed dementianeuropsychiatric inventoryVascular cognitive impairmentvascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID41043167
PMCPMC12815398

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.