ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2025
Inflammatory Cytokine Signatures Are Associated With Disease Burden and Comorbidity of Episodic Migraine and Endometriosis.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Headache impact and quality of life following endometriosis surgery in women: a single-center observational study.BMC women's health · 2026Observational
- The Follicular Immune Checkpoint: PD-1/PD-L1 and Immune Tolerance in Oocyte Competence and IVF Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A review on shared genetic architecture of endometriosis and migraine: from pleiotropy to convergent inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize inflammatory cytokine profiles in women diagnosed with episodic migraine, endometriosis, or both conditions and to determine how these cytokine patterns relate to symptom severity and functional impact, to identify potential biological markers distinguishing comorbid cases from single-diagnosis cases.
methodsFemale patients with only episodic migraine, only endometriosis, or both conditions were enrolled. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured, and correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed.
resultsWomen with episodic migraine had elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with healthy controls, with even higher levels in those with both migraine and endometriosis, indicating a synergistic effect on systemic inflammation. IL-1β correlated with headache frequency and disability while IL-6 and TNF-α were linked to migraine severity and pain. Women with endometriosis alone did not show similar cytokine elevations, suggesting that inflammation is particularly amplified in comorbidity. Changes in leukocyte distribution further supported a unique immune activation profile in the comorbid group. DISCUSSION: These findings reveal novel biological evidence of a shared inflammatory endotype in women suffering from both conditions, which may contribute to the increased burden and comorbidity, highlighting the need for integrative diagnostic and management approaches.
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