ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Identification and analysis of key transcription factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 promotes ESCC progression and indicates unfavorable prognosis via the miR-101-3p/EZH2 axis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- EZH2 as regulator of stemness signature and driver of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveOver the past decade, transcription factors (TFs) have emerged as key players in various diseases. Immunotherapy has gained traction as an effective treatment, despite resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a challenge. The regulatory role of TFs in immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poorly understood. This study aims to explore the expression of key TFs, predictive significance, and tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in ESCC.
methodsThe expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, TF gene data were obtained from the Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text mining (TTRUST) database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analysis elucidated the molecular processes in ESCC. We investigated the TME cell infiltration landscape in a combined ESCC cohort. The relative abundance of cell infiltration was measured using a single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The diagnostic value of hub TFs for ESCC was investigated using ROC analysis.
resultsThis study found 48 differentially expressed TFs between normal and ESCC tissues and revealed a strong association between EZH2, FOS, KLF4, FOSB, TWIST1, KLF6 and CEBPB. The results suggested that upregulated EZH2, TWIST1, and KLF4 correlated with immunosuppressive cell infiltration (Tregs, MDSCs) and reduced PD-1/PD-L2 checkpoint expression. Downregulated FOSB and CEBPB associated with enhanced NK cell activity. The diagnostic potential of these key transcription factors in ESCC was evaluated through ROC analysis (EZH2, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.95; TWIST1, AUC = 0.85; CEBPB, AUC = 0.84; FOSB, AUC = 0.79; KLF4, AUC = 0.97; FOS, AUC = 0.84; KLF6, AUC = 0.84). Single-cell data confirmed TF expression in tumor cells, macrophages, and T-cell subsets, highlighting their role in TME remodeling.
conclusionThe scRNA-seq analysis revealed the expression of hub TFs in different cell clusters. The study investigated the expression of DETFs associated with patient prognosis and TME cell infiltration in ESCC.
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