ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Intravenous iRGD-Guided, RBC-Membrane Camouflaged Lactococcus Lactis Remodels Cold NSCLC and Enhances PD-1 Blockade.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Upregulation of macrophage UPP1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through an mtROS-cGAS-NLRP3 inflammasome axis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Intravenous iRGD-Guided, RBC-Membrane Camouflaged Lactococcus Lactis Remodels Cold NSCLC and Enhances PD-1 Blockade.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to programmed-death-1/programmed-death-ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) arises mainly from weak tumor immunogenicity and limited effector T-cell infiltration. Here, this work presents an intravenously deliverable "living medicine" that addresses these barriers through biomimetic cloaking, tumor-penetrating guidance, and synthetic-biology-driven cytokine release. Lactococcus lactis is engineered to co-secrete Flt3L and OX40L (FOLactis) and then camouflage with red-blood-cell membranes, producing long-circulating mRBC@FOLactis. Conjugation of the iRGD peptide (iRGD-mRBC@FOLactis) enables trans-endothelial migration and deep (≥200 µm) interstitial penetration, yielding a fourfold increase in intratumorally bacterial accumulation versus unmodified FOLactis. In the orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model, a single intravenous dose of iRGD-mRBC@FOLactis combined with anti-PD-1 antibody achieves complete tumor regression in 60% of mice, doubles median survival (p < 0.001), and generates systemic tumor-specific immune memory. Mechanistically, local Flt3L and OX40L secretion expands cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), boosts CD8⁺ T-cell priming, and converts immunologically "cold" tumors into inflamed, T-cell-rich lesions, thereby overcoming primary resistance to checkpoint blockade. This multifunctional probiotic platform establishes a generalizable strategy for systemic delivery of living therapeutics and offers a powerful adjunct to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for NSCLC and other treatment-resistant solid tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.