ReviewMolecular medicine reports2025
From tumor immunotherapy to myocardial injury: A mechanistic discussion of immune checkpoint inhibitor‑related myocarditis (Review).
Review in Molecular medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs as a potential approach for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a prospective study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Overview of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis mechanisms diagnostics and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, markedly improving the survival rate of numerous malignancies. However, the emergence of immune‑related adverse events, particularly ICI‑related myocarditis, poses substantial clinical challenges. Despite its relatively low incidence, ICI‑related myocarditis demands urgent attention due to high mortality rates and treatment‑related cardiovascular toxicity. The present review provides an in‑depth analysis of the immunopathological mechanisms of ICI‑related myocarditis, with a focus on the physiological role of immune checkpoints, the core mechanisms of immune tolerance failure following ICI blockade, the influence of genetics and the microenvironment, and the effects of myocardial electrophysiology and hormones. Attention is also given to the cellular and molecular mechanisms, particularly the roles of T cells and macrophages. The current review highlights the critical interactions between these factors in the initiation and progression of ICI‑related myocarditis. In addition, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria incorporating advanced imaging and biomarker profiling, and differential diagnosis considerations are summarized, underscoring the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration for timely intervention. Mechanistic elucidation of ICI‑related myocarditis will enable preventive strategies, optimized early diagnostics and improved patient outcomes, and may ultimately reduce the clinical incidence of this disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.