ArticleFrontiers in physiology2025
Embryonic thermal manipulation improved early immunity in broiler chickens.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Limited vertical transmission of microbiomes through the chorioallantoic membrane affects intestine development and metabolic pathways in broiler embryos.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Embryonic thermal manipulation improved early cecal microbial diversity, metabolic pathways, and immunity in broiler chickens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Immunity in chickens is age-dependent and develops gradually over time. The initial defense by the host is a crucial mechanism for combating microbial infections. Embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) represents a promising approach for sustainable broiler production. Our previous work provided significant insights into the effects of TM on embryonic thermotolerance, metabolism, growth performance, microbial diversity, and immunity. This follow-up study used a subset of hatchlings previously used in our TM-related studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of TM on immunity-related genes in the spleen, bursa, and thymus. A total of 600 fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 days. After candling, 238 eggs underwent TM at 38.5 °C from embryonic day (ED) 12-18, then transferred to a hatcher at 37.5 °C from ED 19 to 21, while 236 eggs were incubated at 37.5 °C throughout till 21 days. After hatching, 60-day-old unsexed chicks were housed in 12 pens (10 birds/pen, 6 replicates per treatment). The treatments included 1) Control and 2) TM. All birds were raised under standard conditions for the first 21 days. In the spleen, at d 7, the TM group showed significantly lower expression of cytokines (
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