Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41040642›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025

Analysis of NEC cases registered in the human milk bank database.

Katsumi Mizuno, Yuka S Wada, Motoichiro Sakurai, Yuki Tani, Masafumi Miyata, Jun Shindo, Shigeru Nishimaki, Hiroki Den

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katsumi MizunoDepartment of Pediatrics, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka S WadaDivision of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal, and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
Motoichiro SakuraiDepartment of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
Yuki TaniDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
Masafumi MiyataDepartment of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
Jun ShindoDepartment of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Shigeru NishimakiDepartment of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Hiroki DenDepartment of Hygiene, Public Health, and Preventative Medicine, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs), despite widespread donor human milk (DHM) use. This study examined NEC cases among DHM recipients to explore potential contributing factors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,425 infants registered in Japan's human milk bank database (2018-2023). NEC cases at Bell stage ≥ II were confirmed by attending physicians. Infants who received DHM only after NEC onset were excluded. Cases were categorized by onset timing and associated clinical factors. Results: Among 1,324 very low birth weight infants, 21 (1.58%) developed NEC, with 20 requiring surgical intervention. Median gestational age and birth weight were 25.1 weeks and 637 g, respectively. NEC onset was classified as follows: within 7 days of birth ( Conclusion: NEC can develop despite DHM use, often in association with early infections, PDA, or fortification. Strategies to further reduce NEC incidence should include management of hemodynamic instability, delayed formula introduction, and use of exclusive human milk-based diets. Further research should explore potential roles of ophthalmologic interventions and human milk fortifiers in NEC development.

Indexed as

donor human milkELBWIfortifierhemodynamic instabilityhuman milk banknecrotizing enterocolitisPDApreterm infants

Identifiers

PMID41040642
PMCPMC12484215

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.