Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41040536›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025

Effectiveness of nirsevimab among infants in their first RSV season in the United States, October 2023-March 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Amanda B Payne, Steph Battan-Wraith, Elizabeth A K Rowley, Melissa S Stockwell, Sara Y Tartof, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Brian Dixon, Sarah W Ball, Mark W Tenforde and 28 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Amanda B PayneNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Steph Battan-WraithWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Elizabeth A K RowleyWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Melissa S StockwellColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Sara Y TartofKaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Kristin DascombIntermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Stephanie A IrvingKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Brian DixonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Sarah W BallWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Mark W TenfordeNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Gabriela Vazquez-BenitezHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ashley B StephensColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Jungmi HanColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Karthik NatarajanColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
S Bianca SalasKaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Cassandra BeziKaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Lina S SyKaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Bruno LewinKaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Tamara SheffieldIntermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Julie ArndorferIntermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Daniel BrideIntermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Josh Van OtterlooIntermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Allison L NalewayKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Padma D KoppoluKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Shaun GrannisCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
William FadelCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Colin RogersonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Tom DuszynskiRichard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Sarah E ReeseWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Patrick K MitchellWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Sean ChickeryWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Heidi L MolineNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Morgan NajdowskiNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Allison Avrich CieslaNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emily L ReevesNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Malini DeSilvaHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Katherine E Fleming-DutraNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ruth Link-GellesNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In August 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, for all U.S. infants aged <8 months entering or born during their first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season. Our aim was to estimate nirsevimab effectiveness against RSV-associated emergency department (ED) encounters and hospitalisation among U.S. infants during the 2023-2024 RSV season. Methods: We conducted a test-negative analysis using electronic health record (EHR) data from 6 healthcare systems, including ED encounters and hospitalizations with a diagnosis of RSV-like illness (RLI) during October 8, 2023-March 31, 2024, among infants aged <8 months as of October 1, 2023, or born during the study period. Nirsevimab effectiveness was estimated by comparing children who received nirsevimab with those who did not among RSV-positive and RSV-negative encounters, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, sex, calendar day, and geographic region and excluding infants whose mother received RSV vaccination during pregnancy. Findings: Among 5039 ED encounters with RLI among infants in their first RSV season, 2045 (41%) were RSV-positive and 446 (9%) received nirsevimab, with a median time since dose of 52 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 27-84 days). Among 1025 hospitalizations with RLI among infants in their first RSV season, 605 (59%) were RSV-positive and 95 (9%) received nirsevimab, with a median time since dose of 48 days (IQR: 24-82 days). Nirsevimab effectiveness was 77% (95% CI: 69%-83%) against RSV-associated ED encounters and 98% (95% CI: 95%-99%) against RSV-associated hospitalisation. Interpretation: Nirsevimab was effective in preventing RSV-associated ED encounters and hospitalisation among infants in their first RSV season, with greatest protection against hospitalisation. However, these estimates reflect a short interval from nirsevimab administration to RLI onset. Since nirsevimab is a passive immunization and concentration is expected to wane over time, it is important to continue monitoring effectiveness to assess effectiveness with increased time since dose. Funding: This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (contracts 75D30121D12779 to Westat and 75D30123C18039 to Kaiser Foundation Hospitals).

Indexed as

EffectivenessImmunizationNirsevimabRespiratory syncytial virusTest negative design

Identifiers

PMID41040536
PMCPMC12485534

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.