Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41039604›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in zoology2025

Tracking domestication signals across populations of North American raccoons (Procyon lotor) via citizen science-driven image repositories.

Artem Apostolov, Alanis Bradley, Shane Dreher, Cole Dwyer, Jessica Edwards, Marie E Evans, Nari Gu, Jacob Hansen, Jackson D Lewis, Aiden T Mashburn and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in zoology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Artem Apostolov *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8890-6060
Alanis Bradley *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5518-3471
Shane Dreher *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9120-5855
Cole Dwyer *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5890-7622
Jessica Edwards *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1447-5915
Marie E Evans *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0911-7965
Nari Gu *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4645-3851
Jacob Hansen *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4762-7956
Jackson D Lewis *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6133-7498
Aiden T Mashburn *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4439-0483
Kelsey Miller *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7073-7065
Eli Richardson *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-2565-8450
Wesley Roller *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5818-4100
Adam Stark *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1756-7978
Jackson Swift *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6754-4411
Oscar Zuniga *Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1243-8603
Raffaela LeschDepartment of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA. rlesch@ualr.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-252X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

North American raccoons are widespread across the contiguous United States and live in close proximity to humans (i.e. urban) and in rural environments. This makes them an excellent species for comparative work on the effects of human environments on phenotypic traits. We use raccoons as a mammalian model system to test whether exposure to human environments triggers a trait of the domestication syndrome. Our data suggests that urban environments produce reductions in snout length, which are consistent with the domestication syndrome phenotype. These results are crucial for the discussion of the validity of the Neural Crest Domestication Syndrome hypothesis. They also offer new opportunities to potentially observe early-stage domestication patterns in a yet non-domesticated mammalian species, without the possibility of introgression or hybridization with other already domesticated mammals.

Indexed as

CommensalismDomesticationNCDSNeural crestProcyon lotorTamenessUrbanization

Identifiers

PMID41039604
PMCPMC12492588

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.