ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
Antimicrobial resistance and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from poultry and cattle in Isfahan, Iran.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- ESBL and carbapenemase-producing enteric pathogens in animal-origin foods: a one health perspective.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Global Analysis of the Co-Occurrence of Antimicrobial and Metal Resistance Genes in Bacterial Genomes From Dairy-Isolated Pathogens.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, poses a global public health threat. This study investigated the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from free-range poultry and clinically healthy cattle in Isfahan, Iran.
methodA total of 300 fecal samples were collected between May 2023 to May 2024, including 150 from smallholder poultry farms and 150 from a mix of dairy and beef cattle farms. Twenty privately owned farms (10 poultry and 10 cattle) were randomly selected using a stratified random sampling approach. All animals were clinically assessed by a licensed veterinarian and found to be healthy at the time of sampling. Samples were screened for ESBL production, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2018 guidelines. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs was conducted using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). Genotypic analysis targeting blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaAmpC, mcr-1, qnrS, qnrB, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes and Class 1 and 2 integrons was conducted via PCR.
resultsESBL-producing E. coli was detected in 43.33% of poultry and 36.67% of cattle samples. The most common gene was blaCTX-M (30.77% poultry, 45.45% cattle). Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurred in 53.85% and 54.55% of poultry and cattle isolates, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between species (p > 0.05).
conclusionThe findings underscore the potential zoonotic risk of ESBL- and MDR-producing E. coli from livestock. Strengthened antibiotic stewardship and molecular surveillance in Iranian agriculture are essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.