Trial reportBMC psychiatry2025
Objectively measured cognitive function in insomnia patients with and without comorbid depression treated with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.
Trial report in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01663844 (New Clinical Applications for Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
New Clinical Applications for Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Adaptive Treatment Strategy to Decrease the Number of Failed Treatments, and a Combination Treatment for Insomnia and Depression.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in Patients with Hypertension in Rural Areas of Shanxi Province, China: The Chain Mediating Role of Anxiety and Depression.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsomnia and depression are common, comorbid conditions with cognitive consequences. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) improves subjective cognition, but effects on objective performance are unclear. This study aims to examine cognitive differences in insomnia with and without comorbid depression, and changes in cognition following CBT-I.
methodsThis study examined cognitive outcomes in 170 (124 for longitudinal analyses) participants from two randomized clinical trials of internet-delivered 9 or 12 weeks CBT-I for patients with insomnia (n = 78) or comorbid insomnia and depression (n = 92). Cognitive performance was assessed pre- and post-treatment using selected computerized cognitive tests from the CANTAB battery. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used for evaluation.
resultsFollowing CBT-I, improvements were statistically significant on seven out of 17 outcomes across patients with and without comorbid depression: the Rapid Visual Processing task (correct hits, p < .001, misses, p < .001, latency, p = .040), Stockings of Cambridge (problems solved on first choice, p = .042), and Affective Go/No gGo (commissions, p = .005; omissions, p = .022; affective bias, p = .020). Comorbid depression was not statistically significantly associated with cognitive performance on most tasks. However, on the Spatial Span task, comorbid depression was associated with lower span length (p = .038), fewer attempts (p = .021), and longer latency (p = .030), suggesting impaired spatial working memory in depressed individuals. No statistically significant associations were found between changes in insomnia or depression severity and changes in cognitive performance after treatment.
conclusionsDifferences in cognitive performance between patients with insomnia and patients with both insomnia and depression seem very small. CBT-I may be associated with improvements in objective cognitive performance across some domains, including attention, working memory, executive function, and emotional processing. Future research should employ better control for e.g. practice effects, and explore any long-term cognitive effects of CBT-I. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONS: The present study reports follow-up analyses based on data from two previously conducted and preregistered clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01663844, study registry date 2012-08-03). The current analyses explore additional outcomes not included in the primary endpoints.
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