Observational studyBMC pediatrics2025
Percentile curve of balance development and network analysis with body shape and physical fitness in preschool children.
Observational study in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of the Association Between Weight Status and Myopia in Children and Adolescents and Development of a Screening Model Based on Body Fat Percentage.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Effects of a 10-Week Wushu Program on Static, Dynamic, and Dual-Task Balance and Physical Fitness in Preschool Children.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific percentile reference curves and evaluation criteria for balance ability in preschool children using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) model. It also sought to analyze the influencing factors of balance ability through network analysis, providing evidence to support strategies for improving balance development in early childhood.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023, involving 5,559 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from 12 districts (cities and counties) in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China. Participants were selected using a stratified, randomized, whole-cluster sampling method. Physical fitness tests and questionnaires on physical activity participation were administered. The GAMLSS model was used to generate balance ability percentile curves. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other statistical methods were employed to examine differences by age, sex, and urban-rural residence. Network analysis was conducted to identify key factors influencing balance ability.
resultsSignificant age-related differences in balance ability were observed (p < 0.05). Among 5-year-olds, girls demonstrated significantly better balance performance than boys (p < 0.01). Urban children outperformed rural peers in all age groups (p < 0.01). Balance beam completion time was significantly negatively correlated with height, weight, grip strength, and standing long jump performance (p < 0.01), while it was positively correlated with 10-meter shuttle run, 15-meter obstacle run, and two-legged continuous jump (p < 0.01).
conclusionsGirls exhibited earlier development in balance ability compared to boys, and urban children demonstrated superior balance performance relative to rural children. Physical morphology was closely related to balance ability, and various physical fitness components showed compensatory interactions, collectively influencing balance development in preschool children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.