ArticleBMC medical education2025
Evaluating pulsatile flushing by pushing method and catheter size for educating nurses on peripheral vascular patency: a computational fluid dynamics simulation analysis.
Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaintaining the patency of peripheral intravenous catheters is essential for preventing occlusion and catheter-related complications. Clinical guidelines and field education emphasize the effectiveness of pulsatile flushing for this purpose. However, due to the absence of standardized methods, its implementation among clinical nurses remains low. This study aimed to compare the effects of pulsatile flushing according to different infusion methods and catheter sizes to support the education of clinical nurses on intravenous infusion therapy. The findings aim to provide foundational data for effectively implementing pulsatile flushing in practice.
methodsA simulation analysis using computational fluid dynamics was employed. The study investigated optimal pulsatile flushing techniques for various peripheral intravenous catheter sizes (20G, 22G, and 24G) by assessing the volume ratio of 0.9% sodium chloride to blood, 0.9% sodium chloride velocity, and maximum wall shear stress. Simulations were conducted with infusion volumes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml over 0.5-1 s, including a 0.4-second pause, through catheters placed in the basilic vein.
resultsPulsatile flushing effects varied according to infusion method and catheter size. Increased infusion volume and decreased infusion time led to higher 0.9% sodium chloride volume ratios and velocities, improving perfusion effectiveness. However, wall shear stress sometimes exceeded the safe threshold of 2 Pa, posing a risk of vascular damage. Considering 0.9% sodium chloride volume ratio, velocity, recirculation turbulence at the catheter tip, and wall shear stress, the most effective flushing methods for 20G, 22G, and 24G catheters were infusing 1 ml, 0.5-1 ml, and 0.5 ml of perfusate over 1 s, respectively.
conclusionsTo ensure effective and safe pulsatile flushing in nursing practice, infusion volume and rate should be adjusted according to catheter size. The findings contribute foundational data to guide standardized, evidence-based flushing practices in nursing and has policy implications for revising clinical guidelines and enhancing nurse training programs to ensure safer and more effective intravenous catheter management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.