Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41039268›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2025

Infections and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in small wild mammals on the Eastern Tibetan plateau: public health implications.

Qingqiu Zuo, Zhuoma Bianba, Chuizhao Xue, Hua Liu, Xiaoxue Peng, Hao Zhou, Xiaocheng Zhang, Quan Chen, Mengqing Li, Yang Yang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Emergence of zoonoticFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Qingqiu Zuo *National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Zhuoma Bianba *National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa City, 850000, China.
Chuizhao XueNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Hua LiuNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Xiaoxue PengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Hao ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Xiaocheng ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Quan ChenNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Mengqing LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Yang YangThe School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Yan ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Jianping CaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Jianhai YinNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Xu WangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. Wangxu@nipd.chinacdc.cn.
Yujuan ShenNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. Shenyj@nipd.chinacdc.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82404325NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control 2024WZK1004Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023-2025) Key Discipline Project GWVI-11.1-09
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCryptosporidium and Giardia are protozoan parasites that cause significant diarrheal diseases. Small mammals are potential reservoirs for their zoonotic transmission. The Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystem harbors diverse and abundant small wild mammals, but their roles in the transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia remain inadequately studied.

methodsField sampling was conducted in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, in 2023. Small wild mammals were captured and morphologically identified. Fecal DNA was screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia with nested-PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the beta-giardin (bg) gene, respectively. Positive DNA samples were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Differences in prevalence were assessed with the chi-square test.

resultsIn total, 336 small wild mammals were collected, dominated by Neodon fuscus (175/336, 52.1%) and Ochotona curzoniae (106/336, 31.5%). Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 22.3% (75/336) of the small mammals, with marginally higher prevalence in N. fuscus (44/175, 25.1%) than in O. curzoniae (17/106, 16.0%; χ² = 3.220, p = 0.073). Six species/genotypes were identified: zoonotic C. suis (n = 25) and C. canis (n = 6), and non-zoonotic muskrat genotype II (n = 26), yak genotype (n = 10), muskrat genotype I (n = 4), and Cryptosporidium sp. MT524977 (n = 4). The overall prevalence of Giardia was 8.3% (28/336), with similar prevalence in N. fuscus (17/175, 9.7%) and O. curzoniae (10/106, 9.4%, χ² = 0.006, p = 0.938). Non-zoonotic G. microti (n = 3) and four unclassified Giardia spp.: Giardia sp. OR770651 (n = 13), Giardia sp. PQ604631 (n = 7), Giardia sp. MG676959 (n = 3), and Giardia sp. OP963933 (n = 2) were identified. Neodon fuscus harbored greater Giardia diversity (all five Giardia spp.) than O. curzoniae (only Giardia sp. OR770651).

conclusionsThis study demonstrates a high Cryptosporidium prevalence in small wild mammals on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, suggesting potential zoonotic risks to humans and livestock. Giardia exhibited host-specific infection patterns, indicating possible niche adaptation that warrants further investigation. These findings expand the host range and geographic distribution of these parasites and help elucidate their transmission dynamics in alpine ecosystems.

Indexed as

Animals, WildCryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumGenetic VariationGiardiaGiardiasisMammalsAnimalsDNA, ProtozoanFecesHumansPhylogenyPrevalencePublic HealthTibetZoonosesDNA, ProtozoanCryptosporidiumGiardiaLagomorphaRodentiaShiquZoonotic potential

Identifiers

PMID41039268
PMCPMC12492625

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