SynthesisNature medicine2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults.
Synthesis in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07504172 (Real-world Effectiveness and Dosing Patterns of Tirzepatide), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Real-world Effectiveness and Dosing Patterns of Tirzepatide: A Multicentre Retrospective Observational Study in the Netherlands
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications for Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in mental illness: a network meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition in Type 2 Diabetes and the Role of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current obesity reports · 2026Pooled it
- Weight Loss as a Determinant of Histological Improvement in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in People With Obesity. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Italian clinical practice GRADE-based guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obesity, endorsed by the Italian National Institute of Health.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Guideline
- Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of Anti-Obesity Medications in Non-Diabetic Adults: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Semaglutide on Thigh Skeletal Muscle Volume, Fat Infiltration and Physical Function in People With Obesity: Secondary Analysis of STEP UP.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of CagriSema for Reaching Anthropometric Treatment Targets and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Secondary, Post hoc Analysis of REDEFINE 1.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- One-Year Weight Loss Following a Remote Culinary Medicine Program: A Bi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Differences in ethanol drinking and nucleus accumbens opioid expression in male and female obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity and treatment response in obesity and eating disorders: Current evidence and empirical data.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Body Weight Changes and Exploratory Metabolic Outcomes During Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Treatment: A Real-World Longitudinal Cohort Study from Türkiye.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Licoisoflavone A ameliorates adipose tissue dysfunction in diet‑induced obesity by promoting METTL3 expression.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Preventing Weight Regain After Glucagon-Like Peptide‑1 Therapy Discontinuation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Review
- Hepatic Steatosis: A Pandemic Disease Causing Serious Secondary Diseases.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Review
- Article
- The Evolution of Medications for Obesity Management.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- Strengthening the metabolic alliance: exercise as an essential partner of obesity pharmacotherapy.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Considerations for Treating Preconception Obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of obesity management medications (OMMs) in terms of reducing body weight and impact on obesity-related complications. Here a Medline and Embase search was performed up to 31 January 2025 for randomized controlled trials comparing OMMs versus placebo/active comparators in adults. Primary endpoint was percentage of total body weight loss (TBWL%) at the end of the study. Secondary endpoints were TBWL% at 1, 2 and ≥3 years, lipid profile, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, mental health, serious adverse events, quality of life, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, remission of obesity-related complications and all-cause mortality. Fifty-six clinical trials were identified-orlistat (22), semaglutide (14), liraglutide (11), tirzepatide (6), naltrexone/bupropion (5) and phentermine/topiramate (2)-enrolling 60,307 patients (32,598 OMM and 27,709 placebo). All OMMs showed a significantly greater TBWL% versus placebo (P < 0.0001), more than 10% for semaglutide and tirzepatide. Both tirzepatide and semaglutide showed normoglycemia restoration, remission of type 2 diabetes and reduction in hospitalization due to heart failure. Semaglutide was effective in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events and reducing pain in knee osteoarthritis. Tirzepatide was effective in remission of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. These results support the need to individualize the selection of OMMs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.