Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41039090›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2025

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation for treating bipolar disorder with depressive episodes: a feasibility Study.

Hetong Zhou, Minmin Wang, Shuangyu Qi, Qianfeng Chen, Jianbo Lai, Zhengping Wu, Ruobing Liu, Liang Wang, Hui Zhou, Shaomin Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hetong Zhou *Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Minmin Wang *Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Shuangyu Qi *Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Qianfeng ChenDepartment of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Jianbo LaiDepartment of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-7701
Zhengping WuSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Ruobing LiuState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1411-903X
Liang WangState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-7571
Hui ZhouThe State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. huizhouzju@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-8676
Shaomin ZhangQiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. shaomin@zju.edu.cn.
Shaohua HuDepartment of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. dorhushaohua@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-670X

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52407261
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bipolar depression (BD-D) is a significant clinical challenge associated with high disease burden. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS), a novel and noninvasive approach for targeting deep brain structures, was investigated for its efficacy and safety in BD-D patients in this trial. Thirty-six patients were recruited for a single-arm, open-label trial, and 25 completed the 5-day intervention consisting of 10 tTIS sessions targeting the left nucleus accumbens. Each session lasted 20 min, with a maximum current intensity of 2 mA and an envelope stimulation frequency of 40 Hz. Significant symptom reductions were observed following treatment, with mean HAMD-17 scores decreasing from 23.36 to 16.16 (p < 0.0001), MADRS scores from 39.12 to 31.28 (p < 0.01), HAMA scores from 19.68 to 15.44 (p < 0.05), and QIDS scores from 13.52to 9.68 (p < 0.001). Eleven participants (44.0%) met improvement criteria and seven (28.0%) achieved response. Cognitive assessments indicated improvements in memory and executive function, and changes in reward-related brain activity correlated positively with symptom reduction. Adverse events were mild, mainly transient scalp discomfort. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of tTIS for alleviating depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in BD-D.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderTranscranial Direct Current StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultBrainDepressionExecutive FunctionFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNucleus AccumbensPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID41039090

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.