Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41038921›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Preclinical models of melanoma leptomeningeal disease to assess intrathecal checkpoint blockade.

Renato A Guerrieri, Grant M Fischer, Jacob R Cortez, Barbara G Knighton, Debora A Ledesma, Courtney W Hudgens, Yimmy F Delcid, Qianghua Hu, Christian Y B Onana, Fernando C L Carapeto and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Renato A Guerrieri *Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Grant M Fischer *Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jacob R CortezDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Barbara G KnightonDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Debora A LedesmaDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Courtney W HudgensDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Yimmy F DelcidDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Qianghua HuDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Christian Y B OnanaDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Fernando C L CarapetoDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Michael T TezlaffDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jason T HuseDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Patrick HwuDepartment of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Elizabeth M BurtonDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Isabella C Glitza Oliva *Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Michael A Davies *Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Sherise D Ferguson *Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. SDFerguson@mdanderson.org.

Funding

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in MelanomaP50CA221703 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI WARGO, JENNIFER A. · 2019 to 2023
$10.3M
NRSA Training CoreTL1TR003169 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI CHANDRA, JOYA, FROST, JEFFREY A. · 2019 to 2023
$3.7M
Career Enhancement Program award from the MD Anderson SPORE in Melanoma NIH/NCI P50CA221703NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR003169NCI NIH HHS P50 CA221703NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences TL1TR0003169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a subtype of central nervous system metastatic disease that is associated with poor patient outcomes and limited treatment options. There is an unmet need to develop preclinical models of LMD to expedite and improve the development of new therapeutics. Here, we describe the development of multiple orthotopic immunocompetent murine models of melanoma LMD, including their use to assess the efficacy of systemic and/or intrathecal immunotherapy. LMD was established by direct intrathecal injection of murine cell lines (B16-F10, BP, D4M, D4M-UV2, MC38-gp100, RMS, YUMM3.1, and YUMMER1.7) into the cisterna magna of C57BL/6 mice. Tumor take rate, distribution, histology, peri-procedural mortality, and animal survival were assessed for each cell line. Intrathecal and systemic treatment with anti-PD1 were tested for safety, efficacy, and immune infiltration for LMD. Cisternal injection of murine melanoma cell lines successfully established LMD with low peri-procedural mortality, high tumor take rate, and varied survival duration across the panel of cell lines. Decreasing the total number of cells injected and increasing the volume of suspension of the injected cells increased the rate of distal spinal cord deposits, reflecting the common clinical distribution of LMD. Intrathecal administration of anti-PD1 in non-tumor bearing mice caused no morbidity or toxicity. Concurrent intrathecal and systemic anti-PD1 immunotherapy increased the survival of mice with murine melanoma LMD. We have established and characterized several immunocompetent murine models of LMD to facilitate the development and testing of new, more effective immunotherapy strategies for melanoma patients with LMD.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsMelanomaMelanoma, ExperimentalMeningeal NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDisease Models, AnimalFemaleImmunotherapyInjections, SpinalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptoranti-PD1ImmunotherapyIntrathecalLeptomeningeal diseaseMelanoma

Identifiers

PMID41038921
PMCPMC12491558

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.