ArticleArchives of physical medicine and rehabilitation2026
Differences in Narrative Discourse Ability in Traumatic Brain Injury and a Neurotypical Comparison Group: Influence of Age, Education, and Sex.
Article in Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- MSC-Exosomes alleviate cognitive impairment after mild traumatic brain injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated upregulation of GPX4.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the influence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on narrative discourse comprehension and production of individuals with TBI compared with a non-brain-injured (NBI) group. Furthermore, this work investigated the potential influence of sociodemographic factors (ie, age, education, sex) on narrative discourse performance.
designCase-control design.
settingGeneral community.
participantsA total of 44 adults (N=44) were grouped into 2 age- and education-matched cohorts. The TBI group comprised 21 participants with mild-moderate cognitive impairment, and the NBI comprised 23 participants.
interventionsNot applicable.
main outcome measuresNarrative discourse outcomes were measured by 2 comprehension measures (Discourse Comprehension Test, picture story comprehension task) and 2 production measures (story grammar, story completeness). Four univariate analyses of covariance were performed with age, education, and sex as covariates. The analyses of covariance were performed using parameter estimates with robust standard errors, and boxplots were constructed to understand differences between cohorts for each discourse measure.
resultsNo sociodemographic variables (ie, the covariates) were significant for any of the 4 discourse measures. The NBI group outperformed the TBI group on the Discourse Comprehension Test (P=.003, 95% CI [1.46-6.82], partial η
conclusionsTBI disrupts both narrative discourse comprehension and production ability. Findings underscore the need to evaluate both narrative comprehension and production performance after TBI. Age, education, and sex did not influence discourse outcomes.
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