Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41038161›Full record

Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2025

A sequential dual-site repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.

Yi-Jie Zhao, Shitong Xiang, Ruiqin Chen, Qiong Ding, Ruijie Geng, Yuan Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Haibin Li, Yichen Wang, Hailun Cui and 4 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yi-Jie ZhaoClinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yj_zhao@tongji.edu.cn.
Shitong XiangInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
Ruiqin ChenClinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qiong DingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Ruijie GengDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuan WangDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanyuan LiDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Haibin LiDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yichen WangInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
Hailun CuiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Ying HuangClinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jianfeng FengInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
Wenjuan LiuDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai United Family Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wenjuan.liu@ufh.com.cn.
Valerie VoonClinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: vv247@cam.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is approved for major depressive disorder (MDD), but it is limited by variable efficacy. Here, we examine antidepressant effects of our sequential dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) accelerated rTMS protocol, which includes a 4-day treatment with 4 sessions per day. At week 4, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) reduction is significantly larger in the active group, and critical, significant differences were apparent on day 4. For active and sham-controlled groups, respectively, response rates are 57.69% and 23.08%, and remission rates are 38.46% and 15.38%. Of responders, over 85% remain in remission over 6 months. Resting-state fMRI shows dissociable symptom improvement associated with increased dlPFC-frontoparietal and decreased dmPFC-amygdalo-subcallosal cingulate functional connectivity. We highlight a cost-efficient generalizable rTMS approach targeting differential networks in MDD, which shows rapid and sustained antidepressant effects with a relatively small number of pulses and minimal treatment duration. The study is registered with ChiCTR (ChiCTR2100046042).

Indexed as

Major Depressive DisorderTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultDorsolateral Prefrontal CortexFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedPrefrontal CortexTreatment OutcomeYoung Adultdorsal-lateral prefrontal cortexdorsal-medial prefrontal cortexdual-site targetingfunctional magnetic resonance imagingmajor depressive disorderrandomized controlled trialrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41038161
PMCPMC12629819

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.