Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41037840›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics sonochemistry2025

Ultrasound combined with microwave irradiation: Cavitation regimes and acoustic emissions.

Dwayne Savio Stephens, Adriano Troia, Giancarlo Cravotto, Katia Martina, Robert Mettin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Selected Papers from 18th ESS Meeting.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dwayne Savio StephensDrittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Adriano TroiaUltrasounds & Chemistry Lab. Advanced Materials and Life Science, I.N.Ri.M., str delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy.
Giancarlo CravottoDipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Katia MartinaDipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Robert MettinDrittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: robert.mettin@phys.uni-goettingen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The irradiation of water by intense ultrasound (US) without and with microwave (MW) heating is investigated by analysis of acoustic emission spectra and high-speed imaging of cavitation bubbles. To this end, pure airborne sound detection proves sufficient for a rough assessment of cavitation quality generated by a 20.5 kHz glass horn inside a MW oven. Results show essentially two cavitation states: soft (or gassy) and hard (inertial) cavitation. Application of US alone leads to soft cavitation in strongly pre-heated water, and to hard cavitation otherwise. The addition of MW irradiation to hard cavitation triggers after a certain delay time the transition to soft cavitation, but a return to hard cavitation is observed after switching MW off. The findings are discussed in the context of water temperature and relative air saturation of the liquid. It is conjectured that rapid MW heating during US irradiation can drive the water into stronger oversaturation, while US alone does not. Further experiments for exploration of the observed effects are suggested, and potential optimization strategies for US/MW applications are proposed.

Indexed as

Acoustic spectrumCavitationDegassingHigh-speed observationsMicrowavesSound emission

Identifiers

PMID41037840
PMCPMC12517173

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.