ReviewThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Targeting Tryptophan Metabolism for Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Directed Therapy.
Review in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Research overview-2025: integrating scientific progress to accelerate global tuberculosis elimination.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Article
- Plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio as a sensitive blood-based diagnostic tool for tuberculosis: a diagnostic accuracy study among children living with HIV.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Greater understanding of the role of tryptophan metabolism in the immune response to tuberculosis (TB) has provided promising avenues to explore new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that host indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is upregulated in response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resulting in increased tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine. In TB disease, this is evidenced by elevation of the plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, which is reversed with effective TB treatment, thus showing utility as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Kynurenine and downstream metabolites promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment in TB granulomas, which may facilitate immune evasion. IDO inhibition in nonhuman primates has highlighted its potential role as host-directed therapy by demonstrating increased T-cell trafficking to the granuloma core, reduced bacterial burden, and decreased immunopathology. To realize the potential of exploiting the tryptophan to kynurenine metabolic pathway, innovative biomarker and host-directed therapy trials are needed.
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