ArticleJournal of immunology research2025
Influence of PD-1 and PD-1L Immune Exhaustion Receptors on Immune Reconstruction in People Living With HIV.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patient-Level Discordance Between SCORE2 Cardiovascular Risk and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint-Expression Profiles in People Living with HIV: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viral coinfections and checkpoint-marker expression in HIV: An exploratory HCV-Related CD4⁺ T-Cell PD-L1 pattern.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Residual HIV activity and host immunometabolic remodeling during antiretroviral therapy: implications for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Influence of PD-1 and PD-1L Immune Exhaustion Receptors on Immune Reconstruction in People Living With HIV.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The progressive immunological impairment associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is partially mediated by the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitory pathway. This investigation aims to evaluate the influence of PD-1 on immune reconstitution in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), with data visualized through principal component analysis (PCA). Materials and Methods: Data from 52 ART-treated individuals achieving viral suppression were analyzed over 12 months. CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and PD-1/PD-L1 expressions were quantified via flow cytometry at baseline and after 12 months, and immune recovery was assessed at CD4+ thresholds of 500 and 800/μL and CD4+/CD8+ ratios of >0.8 and >1.0 using linear and logistic regression. PCA was applied to visualize clustering of immune recovery patterns based on PD-1/PD-L1 expression levels and immune cell counts, with statistical significance evaluated using ANOVA. Results: The analyzed group of 52 patients was predominantly male (65.4%; Conclusion: PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions on immune cells are weakly associated with immune recovery metrics in individuals undergoing ART. Further research is needed to explore their role in immune reconstitution and potential clinical applications.
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